How Gallstones Are Diagnosed and Treated

What Are Gallstones?

Gallstones are small, hard stones that form in the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small organ under your liver. It stores bile, which helps digest fat. Sometimes, substances in bile can harden and turn into stones. These stones can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. Many people with gallstones do not notice any problems. However, gallstones can cause pain and other symptoms if they block the flow of bile. Understanding gallstones is important for your gallbladder health.

Causes of Gallstones

Gallstones form when the balance of substances in bile changes. Several factors can increase your risk. For example, your body may make too much cholesterol or not enough bile salts. Sometimes, the gallbladder does not empty fully. As a result, stones can form. Here are some common causes and risk factors:

High cholesterol in bile

Too much bilirubin (a waste product)

Gallbladder does not empty properly

Obesity or rapid weight loss

Family history of gallstones

Being female, especially during pregnancy

Age over 40 years

Eating a high-fat or high-cholesterol diet

According to the CDC, gallstones are more common in women and older adults.

Symptoms of Gallstones

Many people with gallstones have no symptoms. But, when a stone blocks a bile duct, symptoms can appear quickly. These are called gallstone symptoms. Watch for the following signs:

Sudden pain in the upper right belly

Pain between your shoulder blades

Nausea or vomiting

Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)

Fever or chills

Indigestion or bloating after meals

If you notice these symptoms, especially severe pain or fever, seek medical help right away. Early treatment can prevent complications.

How Gallstones Are Diagnosed

Doctors use several tests to find gallstones. First, your doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. Next, a physical exam checks for tenderness in your belly. Then, imaging tests help confirm the diagnosis. Common tests include:

Ultrasound: This is the most common test. It uses sound waves to create pictures of your gallbladder.

CT scan: This test gives detailed images of your belly.

Blood tests: These check for infection or problems with your liver or pancreas.

Sometimes, doctors use other tests to see if a stone is blocking a bile duct. Early diagnosis helps guide the best gallstone treatment options.

Treatment Options for Gallstones

Treatment depends on your symptoms and the size of the stones. If you have no symptoms, you may not need treatment. However, if you have pain or other problems, your doctor may suggest:

Medications: Some medicines can dissolve small cholesterol stones. But, this treatment takes months or years and is not always effective.

Surgery: Removing the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) is the most common treatment. You can live a healthy life without your gallbladder.

Endoscopic procedures: Doctors may use a thin tube to remove stones from the bile duct.

Talk to your doctor about the best gallstone treatment options for you. In some cities, you can find specialized gallstone treatment centers.

Prevention Tips for Gallstones

While not all gallstones can be prevented, some healthy habits may lower your risk. Here are some tips on how to prevent gallstones:

Maintain a healthy weight

Lose weight slowly if needed

Eat regular, balanced meals

Choose foods high in fiber, like fruits and vegetables

Limit fatty and high-cholesterol foods

Stay active with regular exercise

These steps support good gallbladder health and may help prevent gallstones from forming.

When to See a Doctor

Sometimes, gallstones do not cause problems. However, you should see a doctor if you have:

Severe or lasting belly pain

Yellow skin or eyes

Fever with chills

Nausea or vomiting that does not go away

Early care can prevent serious problems. If you need gallstone treatment in your city, look for a trusted healthcare provider.

If you suspect you have gallstones or experience symptoms, consult a specialist for personalized guidance.